![]() Sparta annexed Melos, which would mean that like other liberated islands, it received a military governor (a harmost). ![]() In 405 BC, with Athens losing the war, the Spartan general Lysander expelled the Athenian settlers from Melos and repatriated the survivors of the siege. ![]() They then settled 500 of their own colonists on the island. After the city's fall, the Athenians executed all the adult men, and sold the women and children into slavery. The Melians rejected this, so the Athenian army laid siege to the city and eventually captured it in the winter. In the summer of 416 BC, Athens invaded again with 3,400 men, and demanded that Melos ally with them against Sparta, or be destroyed. In 426 BC, the Athenians raided the Melian countryside, and the following year demanded tribute, but Melos refused. Dorian settlement ĭuring the Peloponnesian War (431-404 BC) between Athens and Sparta, the Melians made some small donations to the Spartan war effort but remained largely neutral despite sharing the Spartans' Dorian ethnicity. The site was eventually abandoned and was never reoccupied. The shrine is unprecedented in the Bronze Age Cyclades and has provided a valuable insight into the beliefs and rituals of the inhabitants of Phylakopi. Particularly unexpected was the discovery in the 1970s of a shrine at the site, which contained many examples of Aegean figurines, including the famous 'Lady of Phylakopi'. The evidence is not clear, though again it could be a legacy of the islanders adopting foreign elements into their culture. This has been taken to suggest that the Mycenaeans conquered the settlement and installed a seat of power for a governor. At Phylakopi (and unknown in the rest of the Cyclades) a megaron structure, which is typically associated with the Mycenaean palaces, such as those at Tiryns, Pylos and Mycenae has been discovered. There is more than just pottery at Phylakopi however, the eruption of the Thera volcano saw a reduction in Minoan presence in the Cyclades and it is at this time that Mycenaean involvement on the islands increases. ![]() The quantities found at the Cycladic sites have been taken to suggest a Minoan control over the region, though it could also be the consumptive nature of the islanders adopting Cretan fashions. During the Middle Bronze Age however, the site expanded significantly and the expansion of Minoan Crete saw an influx of Minoan pottery into the Cyclades, particularly at Akrotiri on Thera, though much found its way to Phylakopi. In the early occupation of the site, there are many similarities and imports from other Cycladic islands and the settlement was very small. At the site much pottery was excavated, with several changing styles and influences over the site's long occupation. The antiquities found at the site covered three major periods, from the Early Cycladic period to the Mycenaean period. ![]()
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